Public Schools vs. Private Schools - 1027 Words

Everyone wants to provide their children with the best possible education. That being said there are things to consider before choosing to send your child to a public school or private school. Perhaps doing so would be much easier if you would take the time to research the differences between the two. Public schools are better than private schools because of the diversity, funding and extracurricular activities available. Eileen Gale Kugler, a national advocate for diverse schools, wrote an article about how the diversity in schools makes academic and social improvements. She recalls a memory about a meeting she had. â€Å"Parents of fourth and fifth graders were already putting up moving signs on their front yards rather than risk sending their children to a high school that was not majority white. In an effort to debunk the myths, parent leaders from the high school organized meetings in the local elementary and middle schools, bringing students, parents, and faculty from the high school to give testimony to the positive academic and social environment. As the meeting opened to questions, a longtime real estate agent from the neighborhood stood up. His own children had attended Annandale High 15 years earlier, when it was virtually all white. He wasn’t quite sure how he felt about the changes in the surrounding community, which now included an array of immigrants from every continent.  "So, what you are telling me is that you are taking lemons and making lemonade,† he said.Show MoreRelatedPrivate Schools Vs. Public Schools1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthat private school is more expensive than public school, but has it ever occurred to you why it is like this? Private schools are not just trying to take your money, they are just trying to provide a quality education, without the government funding that public schools get. The tuition money goes to very important things; high quality teachers, better resources and the overall quality and stability of the institution. It is true that private school tuition is expensive, but private schools haveRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthink of private schools they often think of a quality of education that cannot be found in a public school. Private school education is thought of to be so thorough and innovative that public vouchers are given to individuals just to attend. Many parents could rest easier at night if their kids could attend private school because for generations it has been drilled into the psyche of many that going to private school is a sure way to have a good future. In actuality however, private schools are notRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1428 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy in private schools, which almost represents the fifth of students in Saudi Arabia. Although a lot of families prefer to make their children study in private school, that does not mean they are completely satisfied about the schools’ quality and their children’ achievement (Al-Hagbani, 2013). Nevertheless, they still enroll their children in private schools, believing they will benefit more from studying in private schools than public schools. In addition, some parents believe that private schoolsRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools1207 Words   |  5 PagesAn Introduction of the Topic Private schools differ from public schools for many different reasons. The major difference is that the government, unlike private schools that are privately funded, funds public schools. Another difference would be that the private schools have more flexibility on what they can teach because the government does not fund them. One other difference that is very prevalent is the social goals of schooling. This topic is a very important issue that many parents struggle withRead MorePrivate Schools Vs. Public Schools998 Words   |  4 Pagesnation. People today might say that private schools are superior to public schools, saying that they are safer and a better environment to learn in. Some might say that a private school is a way of sheltering your child and not letting them experience opportunities and face many problems to learn from. There are many positives and negatives to both sides; it mainly depends on whom you are talking to. Some parents might want their child to go to a pri vate school because the class size is smaller andRead More Private Schools vs. Public Schools870 Words   |  4 PagesChoosing between a public or a private school for one’s education is as important as deciding where to invest one’s hard-earned money—the consequences influence one’s life forever. In the United States, it is the law for every child to be educated. However, the decision as to where to go for one’s education is up to each individual. There is a great deal of debate as to which is the better option: for-profit private schools or one’s local public school. Ultimately, the decision is made regardingRead MorePrivate Schools vs. Public Schools 1081 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever attended a private institution? What was your experience like? Think back and compare it to your ideal public school, which one happens to pale in comparison? Public schools, which are controlled by the government, and heavily influenced, by politic ians and privateers, hurt your children, not allowing them to reap the full benefits of their growing mind. â€Å"Our schools have been scientifically designed to prevent over-education from happening. The average American [should be] contentRead MorePrivate School Vs. Public School1254 Words   |  6 PagesThesis: Private school students are more likely to have a better viewpoint in learning, a firm stance in education, and will be more successful in colleges than of public school students. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: According to NCES data, 88 percent of private high school students apply to college, compared to 57 percent of public high school students. Every day parents contemplate whether to send their children to private or public school. There are many dangers that come with public schoolRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools921 Words   |  4 Pageschild’s education, parents want the best the school has to offer their children. Parents want a prosperous future for their child which is not only health, but a well-educated one. Education is of the utmost importance especially because it will impact the child the most in the long run. Private schools offer ample education opportunities. There are some factors to consider when choose a private school education over a public one. Many times, the private schools are religious are having certain beliefsRead MorePublic Schools Vs. Private Schools1638 Words   |  7 Pageshaving children many parents question which school system is better suited for their kids and which aspect is more important, convenience or quality education? Some people believe the public schools provide the same education but at a lower cost. Tooley, Dixon, and Gomathi state â€Å"many assume that private education is concerned only with serving the privileged, so is irrelevant to concerns about extending access to the poor.† Although there are some private schools that are expensive, most are affordable

A Brief Note On The Elderly Population Around The World

In the elderly population around the world, stroke is an unavoidable circumstance. In recent years, professionals in the Communication Sciences and Disorders discipline have spent countless hours studying Dysphagia and its causes and most effective treatment methods. My research yielded that stroke is the main cause and that diet modification is the most effective treatment method. Through much research and testing, various ways to modify a patient’s diet have been noticed. My research over the course of this semester focuses on determining the main cause of Dysphagia and the best method to treat it. In conducting my secondary research, I gained insight on Dysphagia, its causes, and the best ways to treat it. In my primary study, the†¦show more content†¦I missed an opportunity to receive great insight on my topic. Also, looking back on my survey questions, I could have worded the questions differently to receive better feedback. The group of people that I polle d in my survey limited my responses because many of them have never and will never encounter Dysphagia or anyone that has Dysphagia. Because I posted my survey on my Facebook wall, people from ages 12 to 75 could have taken the survey. People with different levels of education, different cultural backgrounds, and different opinions took my survey. This limits my responses because if a 12 year old took my survey, the responses I probably received were â€Å"I don’t know† and â€Å"I’m not sure.† If I could have found a group of scholars in my discipline who have worked with Dysphagic patients for 5+ years, the responses I received would have been tremendously different and much more beneficial. Overall, the research I conducted could have been much improved if I had access to other resources. If I could conduct further research with more depth, I would first decide what treatment method I would utilize in my research. Stroke victims would be my gro up of interest in this study. From the information I have gathered, stroke is the main cause of Dysphagia. While conducting my secondary research, every scholar I used stated that stroke was a cause of Dysphagia if they did not state that it was the main cause of Dysphagia. Rogus-Pulia Robbins (2013)

Advanced Social Media Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Advanced Social Media Marketing. Answer: Introduction My Food Bag is a brand new and influential food home delivery service that significantly provides customers with various recipes and ingredients for cooking. The company is privately owned and is located in Auckland New Zealand. The organization has been a successful and has made various references describing and serving various foods in a natural way. The company has expanded its business operations in neighboring countries like Australia and has quite impressive in the Melbourne and Sydney markets (Bode, 2003). In this report, My Food Bag will be prolifically analyzed from view point of market orientation. The basic reason constituting the fact is that marketing has been the key aspect of My Food Bag and through this analytical report, the investigation on key marketing concepts will be evaluated along with critique analysis on the organizations market orientation. Key Marketing Concepts My Food Bag has been prolifically useful in the markets of Auckland and in neighboring country markets like Sydney and Melbourne. The major factor that has been influential for My Food Bag to be a rapid success in the global market has been the significant use of the marketing concepts. The organization has been prolific is evaluating the key marketing concepts i.e. the product, production and selling concepts . The entire evaluation of the concepts is expressed in detail below: The Product Concept: The organization has been quite shrewd in imposing the product concept in a ratified way to attract huge consumer base and hold a goodwill impact in the market. The company has a huge understanding that consumers will only prefer the products that provide significant performance and have good quality than that of other available products in the markets (Verma, 2010). My Food Bag has been quite diverse, innovative, rich and diverse in providing quality products and holds a upper hand than that of the rivals. The organization had taken basic features and innovation in a serious way which has led to avoid the problem of myopia. Following the product concept has enabled the organization to concentrate on the excellent feature of quality products which has ed to optimum satisfaction of the customers. The Production Concept: It is universally known that the basic proposition of this concept is that the consumers will only prefer the services and products that are easily and widely available. Thus it is quite important for any organization to have significant concern to make as much units possible. My Food Bag has significantly assessed the production concept and strictly followed the guidelines of the production concept (Hult, n.d.). By concentrating on this concept My Food Bag has focused on the producing maximum volumes of recipes and ingredients to attract and provide optimum satisfaction to the customers. Even the organization has also been critical in providing quality products at low cost which has helped to have a proposed goodwill in the market via satisfying the huge customer base (Jaworski Kohli, 2006). Though the low cost proposition and intensive distribution strategy opted by My Food Bag seems to be a viable strategy but it has enabled to provide the organization the benefit of market expansion and also a strategy of survival for the business. The Selling Concept: My Food Bag has also been quite critical in marketing the products the organization produces. Food recipes and ingredients are such stuffs that need much marketing by which the consumers feel persuaded. Thus, the organization has undertaken the selling and promotion of the various products they offer for the marketing success (Park Kouropalatis, 2013). The basic goal of My Food Bag is to persuade and sell the products and therefore having quality and huge volumes of products the organization has been influential to sell the products that the consumers really needs. The organization has also marketed the products by offering free delivery service which has led the consumer base to have more attraction to the products of the organization. Critique of Market Orientation Market orientation is defined as a major business model that mainly focuses on the product delivery that is designed as per the desires of the customers, needs of the costumers as well as the requirements of the consumers. Along with the production efficiency and product functionality market orientation is a significant aspect that creates a sense of impact on the consumers attaining the desires of the consumers. Evaluating the market orientation aspect in reference to the My Food Bag it can be significantly analyzed that the market orientation concept is significantly the most effective strategy for My Food Bag (Srensen Stieglitz, n.d.). My Food bag is one of the leading producers of food recipes and ingredients and market orientation concept states that for generating profits in the market it is much needed to develop products rather than that of manufacturing it. Developing products that are based upon the insights, desires and opinions has much more impact on the consumers which helps to generate profit for the organization (Tuten Solomon, 2013). As already assessed that My Food Bag is the leading producer of food ingredients and recipes, production has been the key aspect that has led the organization to function its business operations in an effective way edging past the competitors. Along with the market orientation aspect the business strategy of customer intelligence also plays a major role in the production of products. The innovation of internet technology, social media technologies and the e-commerce has been the driving force for organizations like My Food Bag. These widespread technological aspects are an effective prospect in an increasing global and competitive market that delivers solution for the future as well as the current needs and desires of the customers (Evans, 2008). The technology and competitive analysis in market orientation plays a critical role in integrating marketing communications as well as market research, consumer surveys and focus groups. Advertising, product launch, promotional offers helps to synthesize, gather and package the market intelligence along with brand planning which suites and diverse the tastes of the consumers. Whereas the competitive analysis evaluates the reformulation of the marketing orientation and repackaging includes market philosophy, customer intimacy and customer orientation. Recommendations Analyzing and figuring out the key concepts of marketing and marketing orientation followed by Auckland based food recipes and ingredients company, My Food Bag it can be prolifically evaluated the organization has created a major impact on the market by following the marketing concepts, orientation and inclusion of technology. The organization has been strategically impactful as per as following the key concepts in business operations functionality. Evaluating the strategies that are taken into consideration and followed by My Food Bag, it can be said that the organization has well drafted and framed every single unit of product selling, production and selling (Zweimller, Winter-Ebmer, Weichselbaumer, 2008). These aspects have led the organization to boost its sales and profitability. The use of various media as the marketing concept has helped the organization to perform and optimize customer satisfaction. But, My Food Bag has to be very critical about the tastes and preferences of the consumers which is the core aspect of the business success. With changing trends there is a huge possibility which can be a major drawback on the part of the organization. Continuous surveys and strictly following the consumer orientation concept can be a major edge that can help the organization in the long run. Evaluation of the finances and competitive strategy must also e assessed to have a significant dominance in the domestic market as well as in Sydney and Melbourne (Zimmerman Ng, 2013). The revelation of the strategies and features of the business operations can be the most prolific aspect that can boost the stakeholders of the organization for further growth of My Food Bags business operations. References Bode, I. (2003). Multireferenzialitt und Marktorientierung? / Many-sidedness and Market Orientation?.Zeitschrift Fr Soziologie,32(5). https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2003-0504 Evans, D. (2008).Social media marketing. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley. Hult, G. Market-Focused Sustainability: Market Orientation Plus!.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1671794 Jaworski, B. Kohli, A. (2006). Market orientation: Review, refinement, and roadmap.J Market-Focused Manage,1(2), 119-135. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00128686 Park, C. Kouropalatis, Y. (2013). Learning orientation and market orientation in international joint ventures.Academy Of Management Proceedings,2013(1), 15242-15242. https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.15242abstract Srensen, H. Stieglitz, N. Organizational Search and Market Orientation.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1126231 Tuten, T. Solomon, M. (2013).Social media marketing. Boston: Pearson. Verma, H. (2010). Market Orientation and Business Performance.Paradigm,4(1), 12-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890720000103 Zimmerman, J. Ng, D. (2013).Social media marketing all-in-one for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Zweimller, M., Winter-Ebmer, R., Weichselbaumer, D. (2008). Market Orientation and Gender Wage Gaps: an International Study.Kyklos,61(4), 615-635. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2008.00419.x

Online Recruitment System Essay Sample free essay sample

1. IntroductionAn Information System is a system that combines information engineering. people. and informations to back up concern demands. It handles day-to-day concern minutess with consequence to bettering company productiveness. It besides helps the directors to do sound determination that concerns the operation of the concern. [ FLOR2010 ] The major constituents to carry through the specific dealing that will stand for information are People. Machine and Method. It depends on the manual dealing and concerned in supplying information on the peculiar state of affairs or job. A dealing procedure system ( TPS ) is an information processing system for concern minutess affecting the aggregation. alteration and retrieval of all dealing informations. Features of a TPS include public presentation. dependability and consistence. [ TECH2012 ] TPS procedure every detailed information that will update records about a peculiar dealing of the company and should follow the processs of the conc ern. Those processs are like everyday being done repeatedly. It is more efficient and effectual when the users need to recover. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Recruitment System Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page modify and hive away a certain information on computing machine system in a minimum period of clip. Once the information stored into the database. It is more accessible comparison on grouping all the dealing and processes them in a majority. MSL star is one illustration of a company that uses TPS. MSL Stars is utilizing Microsoft excel to hive away all the information. demands and status of the applier. And Microsoft Word for making a list of qualified applier on specific occupation place that will direct to the client through yahoomail. com. With the addition of figure of applicant every twenty-four hours. the company process fail to simplify ordinary undertaking such as ; monitoring and updating informations and position. Even seeking and filtering of applicant’s informations and position takes clip. Besides in supervising the applier there is besides a black listed or those people who didn’t take earnestly are recorded and credential of the applier is besides recorded that takes batch of clip. In maximising their work in an efficient and effectual manner for occupation arrangement they need to do usage of the World Wide Web. Through the usage of the Internet it is possible to increase the per centum of enlisting of an applier and in the same clip the procedure of hive awaying. modifying and recovering the informations can be entree instantly. Thus. fortunes mentioned above green goods by our research led us to make an on-line enlisting that will optimise their work particularly when it comes in enrolling through walk-in and an online system that has the capable to enroll and pool possible applier. Online enlisting uses the power of the cyberspace to fit people to occupations. Basically. it is about publicizing vacancies on either occupation sites or corporate web sites. At this really basic degree it is peculiarly effectual at acquiring a high degree of response. While it may bring forth 100s more applications than traditional print advertisement. merely pulling more campa igners is merely portion of the occupation. The current position is that genuinely effectual on-line enlisting could be every bit low as 10 % of the top blue-chip corporate companies. [ HRMG2012 ] 1. 1. Background of the ProblemMSL Star has thirteen ( 13 ) employees. at the same clip they are all undertaking coordinator. Each undertaking coordinator is utilizing MS Excel as their database ; they don’t have any entree to see other undertaking coordinators database in their unit when they need some information. When there is a new undertaking for enrolling they are devouring a batch of clip on seeking those applicant on the file cabinet and databases. 2. 2. Overview of the Current State of the Technology MSL Stars ( MSL Stars Human Resources Corporation ) founded on July 16. 2011 by the board of managers of the corporation and located at Unit 3-D. Astoria Building. 1170 A. Mabini Street. Ermita. Manila. A Philippines Overseas Employment Administration licenses for recruit. procedure and deploy land based worker with license figure: POEA-016-LB-082312-UL. Mrs. Lee Ann C. Lazaro is the Corporate Secretary of MSL Stars. she provides services such as work force enlisting. executive hunt. administering undertaking to the undertaking coordinators. And she’s besides the one responsible in treating all the dealing in occupation application manually. On the day-to-day modus operandi of concern. receptionist is the 1 who encodes the full walk-in appliers organize into Microsoft Excel and administer it to the undertaking coordinator. The undertaking coordinator communicates with appliers in intent of formalizing. clarifying and requesting for demands. Posting of occupation description for the undertaking is besides a portion of their occupation. Processing section is roll uping all demands of applicant and informing the undertaking coordinator. if there is an efficient demand of an applier. When the applier is deployed. they are besides the 1 who will look into if the employer has a job with the applier or frailty versa. MSL Stars is accepting appliers and employers in two ways. through walk-in and online. In walk-in applications. applier is required to fill-up a signifier so it will be encoded into MS Excel for future mentions. Those application signifiers and demands by the walk-in appliers are placed in the filing cabinets. In on-line applications. applier use the workabroad. pH in happening for a occupation so fill-up the signifier and it will be automatically salvage to its database. MSL Stars acquire all the appliers informations through logging-in to their history in the site. They looked for a qualified applicant base on the employer’s demands and send oning the information or restart through electronic mail. Currently the company has an norm of 30 ( 30 ) walk-in appliers and norm of seven hundred ( 700 ) online appliers thru workabroad. pH. Besides have international client in Saudi Arabia. Kuwait. Singapore Qatar. Japan. United Arab Emirates and Bahrain with several sort of occupation place. 2. 3. Undertaking Rationale By developing an information system and online enlisting system. their procedure of accepting job-seeker and send oning it to employers will be more efficient. With the usage of package database all of the applier will be categorized decently base on their Fieldss and easy bring forth a backup transcript in another database. In add-on. all employers has the right to entree several applier record depend on what making do they need from the appliers. 2. 4. Significance of the Study ApplicantsTo the appliers. it can take a batch of clip when they are using in some companies. They should travel direct to the company and direct some sketch. Using this web site they can use wherever they want and it can assist them to see their position in the occupation that they want to use. Clients CompanyTo the company. this survey will decrease their disbursals in workabroad. pH. Besides. the procedure of the occupation in the company will be a batch faster and more efficient. Student 2. Undertaking DESCRIPTION2. 1. General ProblemHow to make an information and online enlisting system for MSL Stars Human Resources Corporation? MSL Stars is utilizing workabroad. pH as their on-line enlisting but it doesn’t incorporate some characteristics that are needed by the company. In extra. the disbursals on holding a web site is less expensive comparison to workaboard. pH. 2. 2. Specific Problem 1. How to make a faculty that the client can utilize to log-in?The company is presently utilizing work abroad ( workabroad. pH ) as their web site which does non hold a installation for client to log-in. 2. How to make a faculty that can do a undertaking for the company by the client? On the present twenty-four hours. they manually do their work in making a undertaking based on their client demands on specific occupations at measure of the appliers. 3. How to make a faculty that can post the occupation offer. job-fair and other events? Not all the job-offer. job-fair and other events of the company are posted in the work abroad. The job-seeker has a limited beginning of company to use with because non all the undertakings are posted in work abroad. 4. How to make a faculty that the applier can utilize to register? MSL Stars is holding a difficult clip following the applicant’s information. On the other manus. the information of one undertaking coordinator is unaccessible by other undertaking coordinators. Besides. the applier can non see their position in the occupation that they had applied. 5. How to make a faculty that can see the study position and occupation petition? Project coordinator can’t update their client about the position of their several undertakings. The client can merely cognize the position of their undertaking if it is done. 2. 3. Proposed Research Project 2. 3. 1. General AimsTo make an information and online enlisting system for MSL Stars Human Resources Corporation. MSL Stars will be more efficient in file managing and administering matching applier to the certain employer. They besides thought that holding a web site will concurrent in our universe trends. 2. 3. 2. Specific Aims 1. To make a faculty that the client can utilize to log-inThe clients should log in in the web site to direct a propose occupations and demands of the undertaking. This will besides function as a agency of communicating of the client to MSL Stars. 2. To make a faculty that can do a undertaking for the company by the client. Through online. client can direct a proposed undertaking which will be given to the company that will be approved by the board of managers. 3. To make a faculty that can post the occupation offer. job-fair and other events. workabroad. pH is a sample of web site that post occupation chances. This will assist MSL Stars to better strategic enlisting in deriving more appliers in the Philippines. 4. To make a faculty that the applier can utilize to register. The information of the applier will function as a future mention of the company. in instance that there is a new undertaking. Using his/her history. they can look into their position in the occupation that they had applied. 5. To make a faculty than can see the study position and occupation petition. The clients will cognize any updates about the undertaking and these will function as a mention about the appliers. 2. 3. 3. Scope and RestrictionScopeOur front-end system is capable of posting. modifying freshly vacancy of the specific occupation depend on what the employers need and canceling it one time the offered occupation is closed. Additional. job-seeker can use through the certain vacancy occupation and can merely direct their sketch one’s but before completion a dealing sum-up of the appliers informations will demo up to verify their information. Employer are empowered to give a feedback base on the personality and capableness of the appliers from the company and if they are hired or rejected. Our back-end system is capable to seek a specific applier or employer information came from the front-end and besides gives a graphical presentation of measure by measure process and demands of the applier. Employee has the rights to add or encode the application signifier that came from the applier. Besides. they can give the feedback base on the personality and capableness of the applier and if they are hired or rejected. Employees are besides capable of updating the applicant demand base on the applicant flow chart green goods by the company. Restriction Our front terminal and back terminal system is non capable for on-line payment. Besides. it can non supply all the undermentioned scrutiny that has been taken outside of the company’s legal power ; in United Arab Emirates they have Health Authority Abu Dhabi ( HAAD ) for nursing appliers. Singapore Nursing Board Examination ( SNB ) for nurses. for US/Canada/UK they have International English Language Testing System. ( IELT ) . it conforms to the highest international criterions of linguistic communication appraisal. It tests the four linguistic communication accomplishments – hearing. reading. authorship and speech production. MethodologyThe 4th coevals technique ( 4GT ) paradigm has resolved the job of the new system. This is the most applicable methodological analysis for our Thesis because we have a three ( 3 ) footings grace for us to acquire all the information we need and to do our undertaking the right system for the company. The research workers chose this method because you can travel back to the old stage you have passed on. so go on to the following stage. Like other paradigms. 4GT Begins with a demands garnering measure. Ideally. the client would depict demands and these would be straight translated into an operational paradigm. But this is impracticable. The client may be unsure of what is required. may be equivocal in stipulating facts that are known. and may be unable or unwilling to stipulate information in a mode that a 4GT tool can devour. Requirements Gathering TestingExecution utilizing 4GTDesign Strategy Figure1. 0 Fourth Generation TechniqueRequirements GatheringThis measure is applied when we gather informations through interview. research and observation. In systems technology and package technology. encompasses those undertakings that go into finding the demands or conditions to run into for a new or altered merchandise. taking history of the possibly conflicting demands of the assorted stakeholders. such as donees or users. It is an early phase in the more general activity of demands technology which encompasses all activities concerned with arousing. analysing. documenting. validating and managing package or system demands. Design Strategy Design scheme is a subject which helps houses find what to do and make. why do it and how to introduce contextually. both instantly and over the long term. This procedure involves the interplay between design and concern scheme. organizing a systematic attack incorporating holistic-thinking. research methods used to inform concern scheme and strategic planning which provides a context for design. While non ever required. design scheme frequently uses societal research methods to assist anchor the consequences and extenuate the hazard of any class of action. The attack has proved utile for companies in a assortment of strategic scenarios. Execution of 4GT Execution of 4GT is the realisation of an application. or executing of a program. thought. theoretical account. design. specification. criterion. algorithm. or policy. TestingSoftware proving is an probe conducted to supply stakeholders with information about the quality of the merchandise or service under trial. Software proving can besides supply an aim. independent position of the package to let the concern to appreciate and understand the hazards of package execution. Test techniques include. but are non limited to. the procedure of put to deathing a plan or application with the purpose of happening package bugs ( mistakes or other defects ) . 3. Chapter 3 Title 3. 1. Angstrom3. 2. ResourcesHardwareHere are the different input and end product hardware devices that the advocates will utilize for the Information and Online Recruitment System for MSL Stars Human Resources Corporation. * Input Device* Keyboard – an input device used to type in words and Numberss and besides will assist to encode the information needed. * Mouse – an input device that allows the user to used bids easy * Output Devicess * Printer – a computing machine peripheral which produces a difficult transcript ( lasting human-readable text and/or artworks ) of paperss stored in electronic signifier. normally on physical print media such as paper or transparences. * Printer reception –an end product device used to publish the purchase reception. * Monitor – an end product device that is used to show end product from a computing machine. picture camera. VCR or other picture generator. * Local Area Network ( LAN ) – Used in Ethernet to pass on with other computing machine within the company/network. * Hub – A common connexion point for devices in a web. Hubs are used to link section of LAN. * UTP ( Unshielded Twisted Pair ) Cable – Used to link the computing machine to hub to pass on with other computing machine. * RJ45 Connector – normally used for web cabling and for telephone applications. It’s besides used for consecutive connexions in particular instances. This will be usage for web cabling Software * Microsoft Visual Studio 2010The advocate will utilize this for developing frontend and backend. because this application has flexibleness for developing a system utilizing in a different scheduling linguistic communication and characteristic like Crystal Report for publishing a studies. Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 is besides compatible to utilize with Microsoft SQL Server in footings of linking the database to the plan. * Microsoft SQL waiter 2008 The advocates will utilize Microsoft SQL Server 2008 because of its chief and valuable characteristics of a relational database and the ability for objects to interchange information. This ensures that the information is unambiguously identified and non duplicated among assorted object of the application. Information entered on a signifier during informations entry is made available to other signifiers and studies that are needed.

Free Essays on Celia A Slave.

Moral Dilemmas of Celia, A Slave Melton McLaurin’s book Celia, A Slave is the account of the trial, conviction, and execution of a female slave for the murder of her master in 1855. The author uses evidence compiled through studying documents from Callaway County, Missouri and the surrounding area during the middle of the Nineteenth Century. Although much of what we can determine about this event is merely speculation, we are able to guess the motives that contribute to the way in which many of the events unfold. Because of the details of the trial, many of the people involved probably faced several difficult decisions that led to the outcome of the trial. During the 1850s the United States was involved in a heated debate over the issue of slavery. Many of the residents of Missouri and nearby Kansas were fighting for or against the institution of slavery. The outcome of this trial was important because it could have a tremendous affect upon the way the legal system in Missouri viewed the rights of slaves, and the ways in which they would be forced to interpret the laws of the State in regard to how they where to apply to slaves. The first of the main characters we are introduced to is Celia’s master, Robert Newsom. Mr. Newsom was a wealthy landowner in Callaway County. In 1850, after the death of his wife, Robert Newsom purchased a fourteen year old slave girl from nearby Audrain County. The purpose, as far as McLaurin can tell for her purchase was as a replacement for Robert Newsom’s wife. From the time that Newsom first acquires Celia, he begins to rape her on a regular basis. Although it was generally accepted as being morally wrong for a slave master to sexually abuse a slave, Robert Newsom seems to view her as his property, to do with as he pleased rather than as a human being. So the first of many ethical decisions is made, as Robert Newsom begins an unauthorized sexual relationship with his slave which lasts five years un... Free Essays on Celia A Slave. Free Essays on Celia A Slave. Moral Dilemmas of Celia, A Slave Melton McLaurin’s book Celia, A Slave is the account of the trial, conviction, and execution of a female slave for the murder of her master in 1855. The author uses evidence compiled through studying documents from Callaway County, Missouri and the surrounding area during the middle of the Nineteenth Century. Although much of what we can determine about this event is merely speculation, we are able to guess the motives that contribute to the way in which many of the events unfold. Because of the details of the trial, many of the people involved probably faced several difficult decisions that led to the outcome of the trial. During the 1850s the United States was involved in a heated debate over the issue of slavery. Many of the residents of Missouri and nearby Kansas were fighting for or against the institution of slavery. The outcome of this trial was important because it could have a tremendous affect upon the way the legal system in Missouri viewed the rights of slaves, and the ways in which they would be forced to interpret the laws of the State in regard to how they where to apply to slaves. The first of the main characters we are introduced to is Celia’s master, Robert Newsom. Mr. Newsom was a wealthy landowner in Callaway County. In 1850, after the death of his wife, Robert Newsom purchased a fourteen year old slave girl from nearby Audrain County. The purpose, as far as McLaurin can tell for her purchase was as a replacement for Robert Newsom’s wife. From the time that Newsom first acquires Celia, he begins to rape her on a regular basis. Although it was generally accepted as being morally wrong for a slave master to sexually abuse a slave, Robert Newsom seems to view her as his property, to do with as he pleased rather than as a human being. So the first of many ethical decisions is made, as Robert Newsom begins an unauthorized sexual relationship with his slave which lasts five years un...

Laws That Protect Your Right to Vote

Laws That Protect Your Right to Vote No American who is qualified to vote should ever be denied the right and opportunity to do so. That seems so simple. So basic. How can government by the people work if certain groups of the people are not allowed to vote? Unfortunately, in our nations history, some people have been, either intentionally or unintentionally, denied their right to vote. Today, four federal laws, all enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice, work in concert to ensure that all Americans are allowed to register to vote and enjoy an equal opportunity to cast a ballot on election day. Preventing Racial Discrimination in Voting For many years some states enforced laws clearly intended to prevent minority citizens from voting. Laws requiring voters to pass reading or intelligence tests, or pay a poll-tax denied the right to vote the most basic right in our form of democracy to untold thousands of citizens until the enactment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Also See: How to Report Voter Rights Violations The Voting Rights Act protects every American against racial discrimination in voting. It also ensures the right to vote to people for whom English is a second language. The Voting Rights Act applies to elections for any political office or ballot issue held anywhere in the nation. Most recently, the federal courts have used the Voting Rights Act to end practices amounting to racial discrimination in the way some states elected their legislative bodies, and chose their election judges and other polling place officials. Voter Photo ID Laws Twelve states now have laws requiring voters to show some form of photo identification in order to vote, with about 13 more considering similar laws. The federal courts are currently struggling to decide whether some or all of these laws violate the Voting Rights Act. More states moved to adopt photo ID voting laws in 2013, after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Voting Rights Act did not allow the U.S. Department of Justice to automatically apply federal oversight of new election laws in states with histories of racial discrimination. While supporters of photo voter ID laws argue that they help prevent voter fraud, critics like the American Civil Liberties Union, cite studies showing that up to 11% of Americans lack an acceptable form of photo ID. Persons most likely to not have acceptable photo ID include minorities, elderly and disabled persons, and financially disadvantaged persons. State photo voter ID laws come in two forms: strict and non-strict. In strict photo ID law states, voters without an accepted form photo ID – driver’s license, state ID, passport, etc. are not allowed to cast a valid ballot. Instead, they are allowed to fill out â€Å"provisional† ballots, which remain uncounted until they are able to produce an accepted ID. If the voter does not produce a an accepted ID within a short period of time after the election, their ballot is never counted. In non-strict photo ID law states, voters without an accepted form photo ID are allowed to use alternative types of validation, such as signing an affidavit swearing to their identification or having a poll worker or election official vouch for them. In August 2015, a federal appeals court ruled that a Texas strict voter ID law discriminated against black and Hispanic voters and thus violated the Voting Rights Act. One of the strictest in the nation, the law required voters to produce a Texas driver’s license; U.S. passport; a concealed-handgun permit; or an election identification certificate issued by the State Department of Public Safety. While the Voting Rights Act still prohibits states from enacting laws intended to disenfranchise minority voters, whether photo ID laws do so or not, remains to be determined by the courts. Gerrymandering Gerrymandering is the process of employing the process of â€Å"apportionment† to improperly redraw the boundaries of state and local election districts in a way that tends to predetermine the results of elections by diluting the voting power of certain groups of people. For example, gerrymandering has been used in the past to â€Å"break up† election districts populated by mainly black voters, thus lessening the chances of black candidates being elected to local and state offices. Unlike photo ID laws, gerrymandering almost always violates the Voting Rights Act, because it typically targets minority voters. Equal Access to the Polls for Disabled Voters Approximately 1 in five eligible American voters has a disability. Failing to provide disabled persons easy and equal access to polling places is against the law. The  Help America Vote Act of 2002  requires the states to ensure that voting systems, including voting machines and ballots, and polling places are accessible to people with disabilities. In addition, the law require that assistance at the polling place is available to people with limited English skills. As of Jan. 1, 2006, every voting precinct in the nation is required to have at least one voting machine available and accessible to persons with disabilities. Equal access is defined as providing persons with disabilities the same opportunity for participation in voting, including privacy, independence and assistance, afforded other voters. To help in evaluating a precincts compliance with the Help America Vote Act of 2002, the Justice Department provides this handy  checklist for polling places. Voter Registration Made Easy The National Voter Registration Act of 1993, also called the Motor Voter law, requires all states to offer voter registration and assistance at all offices where people apply for drivers licenses, public benefits or other government services. The law also prohibits the states from removing voters from the registration rolls simply because they have not voted. The states are also required to ensure the timeliness of their voter registration rolls by regularly removing voters who have died or moved. Our Soldiers Right to Vote The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act of 1986 requires the states to ensure that all members of the U.S. armed forces who are stationed away from home, and citizens who are living overseas, can register and vote absentee in federal elections.

Digital Video Production Reflective Commentary on Trailer Produced Essay

Digital Video Production Reflective Commentary on Trailer Produced - Essay Example This scene signifies the beginning of a relationship representing all things positive and tender and affectionate, which is disrupted by this explosion, which represents the disturbances that life represents - some of which the relationship may survive, but more importantly, sets the tone for the wife to be prepared for her new husband to leave her in an instant to deal with these disturbances. The film line revolves around Vargas, the 'hero' and his weakness in balancing his personal and professional responsibilities. On a broader level, this opening scene is a microcosm for the theme of the rest of the film: the ever raging and seemingly endless battle between good and evil, within the characters themselves as well as between them. (Tom Dirk, Film site review) The title Orson Welles appears in the 9th second who introduces t... d us and he appears almost larger than life until he reaches his full height and balance within the camera which indicates that he is only human, after-all. This scene represents the progression of his character through the movie: he begins as a seemingly powerful man that will stop at nothing to achieve his goal (of catching the 'bad guys') and cannot be stopped by any force known to man. As his character progresses through the film, we see a leveling out that suggests that even all-powerful men ultimately have to live within the boundaries of life - and if you choose not to, justice will eventually prevail to maintain the balance between good and evil. The next title is consistent with the first (black with the credit appearing in a white outline for an elegant and classic feel) and appears in the 11th second: 'Touch of Evil' that heralds in the next scene is actually the crux of the film as it begins to unfold. The sound overlaid on the credit, for but a second, is meant to represent mystery. In seconds 12 to 16, Quinlan sports a self-satisfied and smug look and the sound begins: "Vargas himself has a theory that the murder was committed outside our jurisdiction" and the camera cuts to Vargas who looks confident and also somewhat suspicious of this 'theory'. The scene then cuts to the increasing tension and friction between Vargas and Quinlan: the tone is being set for a battle between these two and the battle between good and evil that ensues. The body language of the group of men who proposed Vargas' 'theory' seems to be in support of Quinlan and blinded by the reality of his methods of investigation. Vargas is in alien territor y and the representative of justice will have to fight his battle single-handedly, as justice always needs to win against all odds. In

HR and Change Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HR and Change Management - Case Study Example Founded 25 years ago in a South African garage by three young engineers, growing to a 4.5 USD billion organization, expanding worldwide through acquisitions, entering and exiting businesses, surviving the dot net collapse in the early 2000's and the combating the changes in the competitive landscape, facing changing market conditions and evolution of customer demand, portfolio migration from basic, one shot, hardware sales to performance based multi-country managed services deals - were some of the major changes that the organization has faced in the past. Bottom line, IP (intellectual property) management is key in this company because their intrinsic value is mostly people based, as they have no or little industrial assets. While recognizing the importance of IP as a factor of competitive differentiation (experience, proof points) and financial performance (repeatability, optimized learning curve), little has been done to establish and coordinate global and local HR strategies. Group HR develops very specific programs like the Leadership Forum (retention & development of key individuals) or DDU (on-line university) and leave country alone for day to day operations. As the market faces skills shortages, as the multi-national business is booming, and as the sales model moves from transaction to annuity, it is important to put in place streamlined HR policies and mechanisms that will support an expected organic growth rate of 15/20% per annum (2/3 time the market). Research Methodology There are many different research techniques that have been used by the company when recognizing and identifying the changes that are about to take place in the economy, the industry and within the company itself. The techniques that were chosen by the company differed based on the situation, the circumstances and most of all the information that needed to be gathered to make effective decision. Market conditions Market conditions are always bound to change and can never be expected to remain static even in the most stable economic conditions and therefore the company through the years has used many different techniques to keep and eye on the market. It was common knowledge to the senior management team that just looking at the external environment alone is insufficient and that the organization should look at both the micro and macro level environment as well as the internal environment of the company. Therefore the organization always carried out three different studies and used different frameworks to analyze the situation in the outside environment. In order to study the

Social Responsibility and HP Essay Example for Free

Social Responsibility and HP Essay Sustainable development has become a recurrent term in the modern day business community. In order to achieve a socially conscious economy, businesses have to strike a key balance between the needs of the present and the viable use of natural resources and ecosystems for future generations. â€Å"Living Progress† is the term coined by the Fortune 50 company, Hewlett Packard to report its Corporate Social Responsibility program. The Living Progress program is designed to provide a collective value to society much like an integrated Triple Bottom Line concept. The challenge for HP is to create a balance between human,economic and environmental progress. It aims to achieve a strong internal culture within the workforce to provide solutions to global issues. This paper will attempt to illustrate HP’s integrated approach by drawing data from HP’s 2014 Living Progress report, official website and press releases and show a connection between economic returns and environmental and social well being. The human component of HP’s initiative demonstrates a number of detailed strategies, from committing to directly employing foreign migrant workers in the HP supply chain to a addressing issues of diversity with other organizations. HP also proudly boasts a 15% improvement in Social Accountability Internationals Social Fingerprint Benchmark which resulted in HP placing in the top tier of companies assessed.1(2014). All this points to HP’s promise of securing innovative ways to engage workers and protect them. The human progress model constitutes of sub frameworks, that all string to human development. â€Å"Human rights are the fundamental rights, freedoms, and standards of treatment to which all people are entitled. They are outlined in international conventions, declarations, and treaties, including the United Nations  Universal Declaration of Human Rights.†2(2014). Human rights is a compelling issue for HP, by working closely with the United Nations Guiding P rinciples on Business and Human rights, HP has created policies of its own designed to curb worker exploitation and support the rights of all concerned stakeholders. Beyond its own operations, HP has contributed to a multitude of initiatives that support the common goal of human rights and has taken a leading role in participating with them. Another branch of the human progress model is HP’s Supply Chain Responsibility. HP is highly indebted to the Information Technology (IT) supply chain and hence is involved in programs that enhance the lives and protects the rights of its workers that deliver its products and services. A remarkable achievement in its Supply Chain Responsibility program was the reduced supply chain greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity by 18% from 2010 levels.3 The Supply Chain Responsibility program is an ever evolving system and HP is determined to mitigate risks by monitoring programs, worker engagement and other external sources. For example, HP’s engagement in Southeast Asia enabled them to understand the evolving risk of forced labor in foreign migrant worker populations and take action as early as 2008.4 HP is aiming to secure high worker productivity and employee retention through The Supply Chain Responsibility initiative. Another vital straw of the human progress framework is HP’s objective of employee development. Among the many activities are, mentoring, leadership development, professional development and redeploying employees which is the term HP uses for internal recruitment. HP is committed to increasing the diversity of the workforce, with a strong focus on female talent5. The report also credits workforce, wellness, health and safety, providing more than just financial remunerations. As one of the world’s largest multinational companies, HP has far reaching economic impacts. The second pillar in HP’s Living Progress scheme is to advance a thriving economy, where people have the skills and resources they need to contribute to society.6 The economic impacts created by HP across all stakeholders for 2014 are broad. One such example is supplier diversity, By supporting local communities and harnessing innovative and competitive advantages, HP creates a chain of expansive economic impacts. The demands of  rising levels of data, calls for viable IT solutions, and HP is proud to host the groundbreaking HP Apollo 8000 system.7 Launched in 2014, the system has recorded savings of $1million in energy costs, compared to previous versions. The Apollo 800 is a revolutionary system that relies on a liquid cooling system, unlike the other systems that use air. The impact created through this system was that excess heat was able to be transferred to use elsewhere8 Another economic impact highlighted in the report is the indirect payoff to local economies, resulting from compensation to all its 302,000 employees worldwide and they in turn pay taxes.9 HP paid net cash income taxes of $1.3 billion in 2014, contributing to government spending and programs around the world. We also returned $3.9 billion of capital to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases potentially increasing their spending and taxes.10 The economic waves created by companies such as HP is a clear case for a positive derivative to society. The most necessary concern for sustainable development is the final tier in HP’s Living Progress initiative, The Environmental Progress. Through its application HP hopes to make the environment stronger as they grow by improving the efficiency of its supply chain, operations, and product and solutions,as well as by making positive contributions to the community, hence solving sustainability challenges.11 Tackling greenhouse gas emissions is HP’s primary focus in operations. Also, by striving to continually reduce waste and the use of water, HP has created leak detection systems, resulting in efficient operations. In 2011, HP became the first IT company to publish its global carbon footprint.12 This was a bold move by the company, as it demonstrates the willingness HP took to act responsibly and set a trend for other IT firms to follow. Embracing the circular economy model is a key factor in HP’s Environmental Progress agenda. This model not just simply sell products, but offers customers ongoing services, extending its life cycle . All of the products and services that HP sells have the environment in mind and this is key to sustainable growth in society. Product design is a vital endowment in research fo HP product and this is displayed in HP’s Design for the Environment Program(DfE), which dates back to 1992.13 The DfE program was highly responsible in 2014 for helping customers gain green procurement, resulting in more than $25 billion in existing and potential  business revenue14. This type of investment in customers turned out be highly rewarding. Later this year HP announced it will be separating into two companies; Hewlett Packard Enterprise and HP Inc. HP believes the split will provide further breadth into its Living Progress impact worldwide, but needless to say this may lead to conflicting interests or a failed opportunity. The long term effects of the program may be shadowed by the impending change, however it is key to note that HP’s strategy has always been to look to the future and it is not the first large firm to make a colossal strategic decision and wont be their last. Socially responsible activities such of those, conducted by HP must have some concrete return, or it won’t be viable from a business perspective. HP has exhibited a strong connection between monetary returns and social and environmental well being. The Living Progress initiative is a beacon for sustainable development and making the environment stronger is its highest aspiration. REFERENCES HP Living Progress. (2014).2014 HP Living Progress Report Retreived From: http://www8.hp.com/h20195/v2/GetDocument.aspx?docname=c04152740 Indiana Business Review. The Triple Bottom Line: What Is It and How Does It Work? Retreived from: http://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/ibr/2011/spring/article2.html

The Wave :: essays research papers

Nazism The wave is about a history teacher whose name is Ben Ross. His class was starting to study the time that Hitler began making all the Jewish people stay in camps. Ben Ross could not find a way to get his class interested into this time period, so he decided to try to make a group, He would play like a Hitler type scenario and his class would be the Jewish people. He would make this group open to the whole school. Ben Ross told his idea to his class. He announced the group, and he had a pretty good turnout. They called the group that wave and they made a handshake, and a symbol. Laurie a girl in Ben Ross's class joined the wave at first and was in it for a while, but she saw that it was becoming way too serious. She decided to drop out of the wave. The wave became so popular that almost all the school was in the group. Ben Ross started to dress in suits, instead of his usual jeans and a nice shirt. He started to dress like a dictator. Ben Ross had the kids in his group sit with very good posture, and if they wanted to talk they had to address him as sir and they Stood up and talked very crisp and clear. When they were through talking they had to sit back down the proper position. Ben Ross thought that his experiment was going really good. All the kids were really taking it serious and he was enjoying it too. Laurie who quit the group saw that everyone was in the wave and she was on the staff of the Gordon Grapevine the school newspaper she decide to write and article about how everyone was taking this wave thing way to serious. Her article in the paper was published and everyone saw what she wrote. This made all of the group members very upset, they started to threaten her, and make her feel left out because she had quit the wave. Laurie had a boyfriend David who was in the wave, kept telling her that she should join the wave again, he didn't realize that why she didn't want to be in the group. This was splitting them apart. Laurie and David were talking one night and David brought up that she still was not in the wave, and she needed to join the wave. Laurie told him that she did not want to be involved in it, it was getting way to serious. People were getting hurt. David got really mad and The Wave :: essays research papers Nazism The wave is about a history teacher whose name is Ben Ross. His class was starting to study the time that Hitler began making all the Jewish people stay in camps. Ben Ross could not find a way to get his class interested into this time period, so he decided to try to make a group, He would play like a Hitler type scenario and his class would be the Jewish people. He would make this group open to the whole school. Ben Ross told his idea to his class. He announced the group, and he had a pretty good turnout. They called the group that wave and they made a handshake, and a symbol. Laurie a girl in Ben Ross's class joined the wave at first and was in it for a while, but she saw that it was becoming way too serious. She decided to drop out of the wave. The wave became so popular that almost all the school was in the group. Ben Ross started to dress in suits, instead of his usual jeans and a nice shirt. He started to dress like a dictator. Ben Ross had the kids in his group sit with very good posture, and if they wanted to talk they had to address him as sir and they Stood up and talked very crisp and clear. When they were through talking they had to sit back down the proper position. Ben Ross thought that his experiment was going really good. All the kids were really taking it serious and he was enjoying it too. Laurie who quit the group saw that everyone was in the wave and she was on the staff of the Gordon Grapevine the school newspaper she decide to write and article about how everyone was taking this wave thing way to serious. Her article in the paper was published and everyone saw what she wrote. This made all of the group members very upset, they started to threaten her, and make her feel left out because she had quit the wave. Laurie had a boyfriend David who was in the wave, kept telling her that she should join the wave again, he didn't realize that why she didn't want to be in the group. This was splitting them apart. Laurie and David were talking one night and David brought up that she still was not in the wave, and she needed to join the wave. Laurie told him that she did not want to be involved in it, it was getting way to serious. People were getting hurt. David got really mad and

Outsiders: Gang Members

The need to belong is a fundamental need within all of humanity, and has played a key role in society since the beginning of time. The novel by S. E Hinton, ‘The Outsiders’ conveys this need and the yearning to feel social acceptance within us all. ‘The Outsiders’ comments on this inherent part of humanity through its realistic portrayal of teenage gang life, centering on the dependency of the gang members to feel a sense of inclusion and support from their gang. Insert The Outsiders plot line ‘The Outsiders’ conveys that the need to belong is apparent within everyone through the universality of the needs and views of the gang members.This conveys that finding a place to belong, as the characters do within their own gangs, is a basic aspect of man. These concepts are explored through the archetypal structure of the gangs represented within ‘The Outsiders’ that the audience is able to relate to, with the gangs clear hierarchy and the ir fierce loyalty and dependency present between the gang members. The novel depicts Ponyboy’s awakening to the true similarities between the rival gangs, and that although they brand themselves as polar opposites, both gangs at the heart are the same.It is slowly revealed that both gangs exist in order to give the teenagers a place to deal with society’s expectations and to feel a sense of inclusion, needs that the whole of society can relate to. The rivalry between the gang also signifies the universality of the gangs, as it is common throughout society for groups to bond themselves through a sense of ‘us versus them’, fulfilling the need within humanity for inclusion and camaraderie. There is also a strong tribal element within the gangs, as both gangs are male centered, territorial and resort to violence.This conveys the inherent need within humanity to belong, as tribes have formed since the beginning of time as an answer to this need. The tribal natu re of the gangs also conveys the gang member’s reliance on the gang and the support it offers them, as throughout history rejection from the tribe leads to death. The gangs instinctually resorting to violence also comments on the tribal nature of the gang, as they conform to primitive behavior of uniting against others. Hinton’s employment of point of view conveys to the audience Ponyboy’s personal opinions and discoveries about the true nature of the gangs.Through Ponyboy realizing the similarities between the gangs and questioning the violent nature of the gangs, the audience gains a greater understanding of the universality of belonging within a group and the inherent need to feel accepted within all of humanity. Although there is a universal element present in the gang life, there are also significant differences between the two rival gangs. These differences capture the importance of belonging as it focuses on the greaser’s loyalty, love and dependen cy within the gang that the SOCS don’t have.The Greasers’ need to belong, unlike the SOCS, stems from their alienation and exclusion from mainstream society. As the title conveys, they are ‘outsiders’, so the unity within the gang is much stronger as they have nowhere else to go. The sense of security created by the gang strengthens the relationships and loyalty between the gang members, making them more like a family then a group of friends. This is presented throughout the book, as the different greasers convey their allegiance to the gang and their willingness to put themselves on the line in order to protect a fellow gang member. When you’re a gang, you stick up for the members. If you don’t stick up for them, stick together, it isn’t a gang anymore. ’ Hilton’s employment of vernacular language and symbolism conveys the greaser’s loyalty to their gang as they mark themselves apart from the rest of society throu gh their appearance and slang. The greasers take a special pride in their long hair, a uniform for the gang of outcasts. The Outsiders conveys that more than anything, humanity feels a need to belong, through the range of characters and their different needs and connection to their gang.Hilton’s employment of characterization captures the drive behind man to belong, and what it can compel someone to do. Dally and Johnny are key examples of this, as their dependency on the gang is due to them not having a supportive family or another place to turn to. This is contrasted with the character of Darry, a more peripheral member of the gang who, due to his stable job and his history of athletic achievements, doesn't depend on the gang for self fulfillment and a life purpose. The Outsiders leads the audience to question the significance of belonging through the allegiance of the gang contrasted with biological bonds of family.Throughout the entire novel, Ponyboy struggles to find his place within the gang and within his family unit, as he fights with his brothers and feels alienated and unwanted. As Ponyboy tries to find his place within life, he turns away from his brothers and towards the support of the ‘greaser family’. Ponyboy’s journey is compared with Johnny, who is pushed away by his parents and looks to the greaser gang for family support and comfort. As Ponyboy gains an insight into Johnny’s life he in turn learns to appreciate his brothers and the sense of belonging they offer. It ain’t the same thing as having your own folks care about you† Johnny said simply. The need to belong is also explored in the Outsiders through the breaking up of the gang following the dramatic events that occur. Throughout the novel, the gang slowly collapses into a state of chaos, revealing to the audience the gang member’s dependency on the gang for their self identity and a reason for living. The gang is conveyed to have a s et structure at the beginning of the novel, each member having their own role within the gang.While the three brothers are the foundation of the gang, as they offer safety and hospitality to the other gang members, it is Johnny who is the heart of the gang, as the gang is tied together through their need to protect and love Johnny. As the bonds between the brothers begin to crumble, the fractures of the gang become apparent. It is the death of Johnny that leads to the gang collapsing and Dally’s suicide.This is conveyed through emotive language at the effect Johnny’s death plays on each character, â€Å"Soda looked like he was going to cry, Two-Bit’s eyes were closed and his teeth were clenched†¦ My heart was pounding in slow thumps. Dally’s suicide depicts his need of the gang, as he loses his will to live following Johnny’s death and the disbanding of the gang. Ponyboy enters a state of discord following the death of his friends that eventu ally allows him to move onto a state of reflection and growth as he realizes the significance of his belonging within his family and the importance of caring for the needs of his family and the gang in order to build a sense of solidarity and belonging. Insert Conclusion

Agriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis

This paper examined the historical and political rule of agricultural policy formulation in Brazil from 1964 to 1992. The article also centered on how trade, credit, and support-price policy evolved in response to economic crisis and democratization in the 1980s.The economic crisis caused the agricultural policy of Brazil to be redesigned with the change in political regime and with the institutions of interest-group representation that significantly influenced the direction of policy reform programs and assessments.The return to a democratic regime of this nation permitted the local legislatures and the judiciary to take part in more significant agricultural policy rules. Simultaneously, the republic led to the questioning of other institutions and there was an emergence of more participatory organizations in the agricultural sector.These changes have caused policy making to become increasingly subject to explicit rules, which should lead to more predictable policies and a long-term reduction in discrimination against Brazilian agriculture (Helfand 1999).Brazil promoted agriculture and greatly achieved a rapid expansion in this sector, but its record on poverty was disappointing (Helfand 2001). One reason was that biases within the agricultural sector, notably in taxation and subsidized credit, favor large farmers and work to the disadvantage of labor.These biases interact with the highly inequitable initial land distribution to reduce the gains to the poor from growth. Brazil vividly demonstrates that promoting agriculture is not enough. Policies within the sector also matter.Brazil's income tax greatly favors agriculture in relation to other sectors, but only the rich can reap the benefits. Through special provisions in the income tax code, corporations can exclude up to 80 percent of agricultural profits from their taxable income, and individuals can include 90 percent. Fixed investments can be fully depreciated in the first year and can even be depreciated two to six times over.This, together with high inflation, encourages corporations and the rich to over invest in land. The result has been the accumulation of largeAgriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic CrisisPage 2landholdings and increases in land prices that exceed growth in land productivity. The poor do not benefit from the tax breaks, since they pay no income tax, and they cannot afford to buy land. Many move to frontier areas in search of unclaimed land.A progressive land tax could offset the bias in the income tax. Brazil tried this but failed because of widespread evasion and many exceptions. One such exception, intended to encourage land use, reduces the tax by up to 90 percent if owners use the land to graze cattle. This promotes the conversion of forestland to uneconomic livestock ranching, reduces the demand for labor, and has harmful environment consequences (Grahan 1987).Agricultural credit has been exceptionally distorted in Brazil. Until recently, real interest rates on official credit were negative, and real interest rates on loans for agriculture were lower than in the nonagricultural sector (Grahan 1987).The difference in credit terms between sectors has been capitalized in the price of land. Although subsidies raise profits in agriculture, they have mainly benefited large farmers and have encouraged excessive mechanization, again reducing the demand for unskilled labor. Poor people who lack land titles have not benefited from credit subsidies.Agricultural policies in Brazil have reduced labor demand and have made it almost impossible for a poor person to buy land and become a farmer. Opportunities for unskilled workers to acquire skills by becoming long-term workers have been substantially reduced by subsidized mechanization (Helfand 1999).The years from 1947 to 1963 were generally called the import substitution period. The primary agricultural goal in the first period was to produce an adequate supply of reasonably priced fo od for urban wage earners. A secondary goal was to generate foreign exchange to finance the importation of industrial raw materials and capital goods. Agriculture was not considered a vital growth sector, but rather a reservoir for surplus labor not absorbed by rapidAgriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic CrisisPage 3industrialization. From 1961 to 1963, food shortages, high food prices, and near hyper-inflation forced the government to give more attention to the agricultural sector. The inability to cope with these problems and concern over leftist politics resulted in the military-led revolution of 1964.The second period (1964 to present) is a phase of economic growth characterized by export expansion and diversification. The military governments after 164 advocated a completely different role for the agricultural sector.The relative backwardness of the sector was acknowledged, but the causes and cures were perceived quite differently. Farmers were believed to be respo nsive to prices and the distortions and disincentives created in the earlier period were gradually removed. New government investments and incentives emphasized modernization of agriculture (Truran 1977).Large quantities of subsidized credit were tied to the purchase of â€Å"modern† inputs such as improved seed, fertilizers, chemicals, and machinery (Grahan 1987). These inputs were made more easily available by exchange rate controls, overvalued exchange rates, tax exemptions, and direct government distribution.Low interest loans for operating costs and investment expenditure encouraged farmers to produce certain crops and livestock. Investments to improve marketing and transportation facilities were made, in part, to benefit the agricultural sector.Agricultural research and extension received more attention as the development and adaptation of technology became important in the face of stagnant yields (Truran 1977).Agricultural development in Brazil throughout its history h as also been associated with the extension of its land frontier. After 1950, this process has been supplemented by some infrastructure development, undertaken by large farmers and private companies, whoAgriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic CrisisPage 4were heavily subsidized through negative interest rates, especially in the 1970s (Grahan 1987).

The Function and Cell Types of Epithelial Tissue

The Function and Cell Types of Epithelial Tissue The word tissue is derived from a Latin word meaning to weave.  Cells that make up tissues are sometimes woven together with extracellular fibers. Likewise, a tissue can sometimes be held together by a sticky substance that coats its cells. There are four main categories of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. Lets take a look at epithelial tissue. Epithelial Tissue Function Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and lines organs, vessels (blood and lymph), and cavities. Epithelial cells form the thin layer of cells known as the endothelium, which is contiguous with the inner tissue lining of organs such as the brain, lungs, skin, and heart. The free surface of epithelial tissue is usually exposed to fluid or the air, while the bottom surface is attached to a basement membrane.The cells in epithelial tissue are very closely packed together and joined with little space between them. With its tightly packed structure, we would expect epithelial tissue to serve some type of barrier and protective function and that is certainly the case. For example, the skin is composed of a layer of epithelial tissue (epidermis) that is supported by a layer of connective tissue. It protects the internal structures of the body from damage and dehydration.Epithelial tissue also helps to protect against microorganisms. The skin is the bodys first line of defense aga inst bacteria, viruses, and other microbes. Epithelial tissue functions to absorb, secrete, and excrete substances. In the intestines, this tissue absorbs nutrients during digestion. Epithelial tissue in glands secrete hormones, enzymes, and other substances. Epithelial tissue in the kidneys excrete wastes, and in the sweat glands excrete perspiration.Epithelial tissue also has a sensory function as it contains sensory nerves in areas such as the skin, tongue, nose, and ears.Ciliated epithelial tissue can be found in areas such as the female reproductive tract and the respiratory tract. Cilia are hair-like protrusions that help propel substances, such as dust particles or female gametes, in the proper direction. Classifying Epithelial Tissue Epithelia are commonly classified based on the shape of the cells on the free surface, as well as the number of cell layers. Sample types include: Simple Epithelium: Simple epithelium contains a single layer of cells.Stratified Epithelium: Stratified epithelium contains multiple layers of cells.Pseudostratified Epithelium: Pseudostratified epithelium appears to be stratified, but is not. The single layer of cells in this type of tissue contain nuclei that are arranged at different levels, making it appear to be stratified. Likewise, the shape of the cells on the free surface can be: Cuboidal - Analogous to the shape of dice.Columnar - Analogous to the shape of bricks on an end.Squamous - Analogous to the shape of flat tiles on a floor. By combining the terms for shape and layers, we can derive epithelial types such as pseudostratified columnar epithelium, simple cuboidal epithelium, or stratified squamous epithelium. Simple Epithelium Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. The free surface of epithelial tissue is usually exposed to fluid or the air, while the bottom surface is attached to a basement membrane. Simple epithelial tissue lines body cavities and tracts. Simple epithelial cells compose linings in  blood vessels,  kidneys,  skin, and the  lungs. Simple epithelium aids in  diffusion  and  osmosis  processes in the body. Stratified Epithelium Stratified epithelium consists of epithelial cells stacked in multiple layers. These cells typically cover exterior surfaces of the body, such as the  skin. They are also found interiorly in portions of the  digestive tract  and  reproductive tract. Stratified epithelium serves a protective role by helping to prevent water loss and damage by chemicals or friction. This tissue is constantly renewed as  dividing cells  on the bottom layer move toward the surface to replace older  cells. Pseudostratified Epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium appears to be stratified but is not. The single layer of cells in this type of tissue contain  nuclei  that are arranged at different levels, making it appear to be stratified. All cells are in contact with the basement membrane. Pseudostratified epithelium is found in the respiratory tract and the  male reproductive system. Pseudostratified epithelium in the respiratory tract is  ciliated  and contain finger-like projections that help to remove unwanted particles from the  lungs. Endothelium Endothelial cells form the inner lining of the  cardiovascular system  and  lymphatic system  structures. Endothelial cells are epithelial cells that form a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium known as  the endothelium. Endothelium makes up the inner layer of vessels such as  arteries,  veins, and  lymphatic vessels. In the smallest blood vessels,  capillaries  and sinusoids, endothelium comprises the majority of the vessel.​ Blood vessel  endothelium  is contiguous with the inner tissue lining of organs such as the  brain,  lungs,  skin, and  heart. Endothelial cells are derived from endothelial  stem cells  located in  bone marrow. Endothelial Cell Structure Endothelial cells are thin, flat cells that are  packed closely together to form a single layer of endothelium. The bottom surface of endothelium is attached to a basement membrane, while the free surface is usually exposed to fluid. Endothelium can be continuous, fenestrated (porous), or discontinuous. With continuous endothelium,  tight junctions  are formed when the  cell membranes  of cells in close contact with one another join together to form a barrier that prevents the passage of fluid between the  cells. Tight junctions may contain numerous transport vesicles to allow the passage of certain molecules and ions. This can be observed in the endothelium of  muscles  and  gonads. Conversely, tight junctions in areas such as the  central nervous system  (CNS) have very few transport vesicles. As such, the passage of substances in the CNS is very restrictive. In  fenestrated endothelium, the endothelium contains pores to allow small molecules and  proteins  to pass. This type of endothelium is found in  organs  and glands of the  endocrine system, in the intestines, and in the  kidneys.   Discontinuous endothelium  contains large pores in its endothelium and is attached to an incomplete basement membrane. Discontinuous endothelium allows  blood cells  and larger proteins to pass through the vessels. This type of endothelium is present in the  sinusoids  of the liver,  spleen, and  bone marrow. Endothelium Functions Endothelial cells perform a variety of essential functions in the body. One of the primary functions of endothelium is to act as a semi-permeable barrier between body fluids (blood  and lymph) and the  organs  and tissues of the body. In blood vessels, endothelium helps blood to flow properly by producing molecules that prevent blood from clotting and  platelets  from clumping together. When there is a break in a blood vessel, endothelium secretes substances that cause blood vessels to constrict, platelets to adhere to injured endothelium to form a plug, and blood to coagulate. This helps to prevent bleeding in damaged vessels and tissues. Other functions of endothelial cells include: Macromolecule Transport RegulationEndothelium regulates the movement of macromolecules, gases, and fluid between the blood and surrounding tissues. The movement of certain molecules across the endothelium is either restricted or allowed based on the type of endothelium (continuous, fenestrated, or discontinuous) and physiological conditions. The endothelial cells in the brain that form the blood-brain barrier, for instance, are highly selective and allow only certain substances to move across the endothelium. The  nephrons  in the kidneys, however, contain fenestrated endothelium to enable the filtration of blood and the formation of urine.Immune ResponseBlood vessel endothelium helps cells of the  immune system  exit blood vessels to reach tissues that are under attack from foreign substances such as  bacteria  and  viruses. This process is selective in that  white blood cells  and not  red blood cells  are allowed to pass through the endothelium in this manner .Angiogenesis and LymphangiogenesisThe endothelium is responsible for angiogenesis (creation of new blood vessels) and lymphangiogenesis (new lymphatic vessel formation). These processes are necessary for the repair of damaged tissue and tissue growth. Blood Pressure RegulationEndothelial cells release molecules that help to constrict or dilate blood vessels when needed. Vasoconstriction increases blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels and restricting blood flow. Vasodilation widens vessel passages and lowers blood pressure. Endothelium and Cancer Endothelial cells play a critical role in the growth, development, and spread of some  cancer cells. Cancer cells require a good supply of oxygen and nutrients to grow. Tumor cells send signaling molecules to nearby normal cells to activate certain  genes  in the normal cells to produce certain  proteins. These proteins initiate new blood vessel growth to tumor cells, a process called tumor angiogenesis. These growing tumors metastasize, or spread, by entering blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. They are carried to another area of the body via the  circulatory system  or the  lymphatic system. The tumor cells then exit through the vessel walls and invade surrounding tissue. Sources: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002. Blood Vessels and Endothelial Cells. Available from: (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26848/)Understanding Cancer Series. Angiogenesis. National Cancer Institute. Accessed 08/24/2014

Biography of Hadrian, Roman Emperor

Biography of Hadrian, Roman Emperor Hadrian (January 24, 76–July 10, 138) was a Roman emperor for 21 years who unified and consolidated  Rome’s  vast empire, unlike his predecessor, who focused on expansion. He was the third of the so-called  Five Good Emperors; he presided over the glory days of the  Roman Empire and is known for many building projects, including a famous wall across Britain to keep out the barbarians. Known For: Roman Emperor, one of the five good emperorsAlso Known As: Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, Publius Aelius HadrianuBorn: January 24, 76, possibly in Rome or in Italica, in what is now SpainParents: Aelius Hadrianus Afer, Domitia PaulinaDied: July 10, 138  in Baiae, near Naples, ItalySpouse: Vibia Sabina Early Life Hadrian was born on Jan. 24, 76. He probably was not originally from Rome. The Augustan History,  a collection of biographies of the Roman emperors,  says his family was from Picenum, but more recently of Spain, and moved to Rome. His mother Domitia Paulina came from a distinguished family from Gades, which today is Cadiz, Spain. His father was Aelius Hadrianus Afer, a magistrate and cousin of future Roman Emperor Trajan. He died when Hadrian was 10, and Trajan and Acilius Attianus (Caelium Tatianum) became his guardians. In 90 Hadrian visited  Italica, a Roman city in present-day Spain, where he received military training and developed a fondness for hunting that he kept for the rest of his life. Hadrian married Vibia Sabina, grand-niece of Emperor Trajan, in 100. Rise to Power Toward the end of Emperor Domitians reign, Hadrian started out on the traditional career path of a  Roman senator. He was made a military tribune, or officer, and then became a quaestor, a low-ranking magistrate, in 101. He was later curator of the Acts of the Senate. When Trajan was consul, a higher magistrates position, Hadrian went with him to the Dacian Wars and became tribune of the plebeians, a powerful political office, in 105. Two years later he became praetor, a magistrate just below consul. He then went to Lower Pannonia as governor and  became consul, the  pinnacle  of a senator’s career, in 108. His rise from there to emperor in 117 involved some palace intrigue. After he became consul his career rise stopped, possibly triggered by the death of a previous consul, Licinius  Sura, when a faction opposed to Sura, Trajans wife Plotina and Hadrian came to dominate Trajans court. There is some evidence that during this period, Hadrian devoted himself to studying the nation and  culture  of Greece, a long-held interest of his. Somehow, Hadrian’s star rose again shortly before Trajan died, probably because Plotina and her associates had regained Trajan’s confidence. Third-century Greek historian Cassius Dio says that Hadrians former guardian, Attianus, then a powerful Roman, also was involved. Hadrian was holding a major military command under Trajan when, on  Aug. 9, 117, he learned that Trajan had adopted him, a sign of succession. Two days later, it was reported that Trajan had died, and the army proclaimed Hadrian emperor. Hadrians Rule Hadrian ruled the Roman Empire until 138. He is known for spending more time traveling throughout the empire than any other emperor. Unlike his predecessors, who had relied on reports from the provinces, Hadrian wanted to see things for himself. He was generous with the military and helped to reform it, including ordering the construction of garrisons and forts. He spent time in Britain, where in 122 he initiated the building of a protective stone wall, known as Hadrians Wall, across the country in to keep the northern barbarians out. It marked the northernmost boundary  of the Roman Empire until early in the fifth century. The wall stretches from the North Sea to the Irish Sea and is 73 miles long, eight to 10 feet wide, and 15 feet high. Along the way, the Romans built towers and small forts called milecastles, which housed up to 60 men. Sixteen larger forts were built, and south of the wall the Romans dug a wide ditch with six-foot-high earthen banks. Though many of the stones were carried away and recycled into other buildings, the wall still stands. Reforms During his reign, Hadrian was generous to citizens of the Roman empire. He awarded large sums of money to communities and individuals and allowed the children of individuals charged with major crimes to inherit part of the family estate. According to the Augustan History, he wouldnt take the bequests of people he didnt know or of people whose sons could inherit the bequests, contrary to earlier practice. Some of Hadrians reforms indicate how barbaric the times were. He outlawed the practice of masters killing their slaves and changed the law so that if a master was murdered at home, only slaves who were nearby could be tortured for evidence. He also changed laws so that bankrupt people would be flogged in the amphitheater and then released, and he made the baths separate for men and women. He restored many buildings, including the Pantheon in Rome, and moved the Colossus, the 100-foot bronze statue installed by Nero. When Hadrian traveled to other cities in the empire, he implemented public works projects. Personally, he tried in many ways to live unassumingly, like a private citizen. Friend or Lover? On a trip through Asia Minor, Hadrian met Antinoà ¼s, a young man born about 110. Hadrian made Antinoà ¼s his companion, though by some accounts he was regarded as Hadrians lover. Traveling together along the Nile in 130, the young man fell into the river and drowned, Hadrian was desolate. One report said Antinoà ¼s had jumped into the river as a sacred sacrifice, though Hadrian denied  that explanation. Whatever the reason for his death, Hadrian mourned deeply. The Greek world honored Antinoà ¼s, and cults inspired by him appeared across the empire. Hadrian named Antinopolis, a city near Hermopolis in Egypt, after him. Death Hadrian became ill, associated in the Augustan History with his refusal to cover his head in heat or cold. His illness lingered, making him long for death. When he couldnt persuade anyone to help him ​commit suicide, he took up indulgent eating and drinking, according to Dio Cassius. He died on July 10, 138.   Legacy Hadrian is remembered for his travels, his building projects, and his efforts to tie together the far-flung outposts of the Roman empire. He was aesthetic and educated and left behind several poems. Signs of his reign remain in a number of buildings, including the Temple of Rome and  Venus, and he rebuilt the  Pantheon, which had been destroyed by fire during the reign of his predecessor. His own country residence, Villa Adriana, outside Rome is considered the architectural epitome of the opulence and elegance of the Roman world. Covering seven square miles, it was more a garden city than a villa, including baths, libraries, sculpture gardens, theaters, alfresco dining halls, pavilions, and private suites, portions of which survived to modern times. It was designated a  UNESCO  World Heritage site  in 1999. Hadrians tomb, now called the Castel Sant’Angelo in Rome, became a burial place for succeeding emperors and was converted into a fortress  in the 5th century. Sources Birley, Anthony. Lives of the Later Caesars: The First Part of the Augustan History, with Lives of Nerva and Trajan. Classics, Reprint Edition, Kindle Edition, Penguin, February 24, 2005.Roman History by Cassius Dio. University of Chicago.Pringsheim, Fritz. The Legal Policy and Reforms of Hadrian. The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 24.Hadrian. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors.Hadrian: Roman Emperor. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

OPPORTUNITY COSTS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

OPPORTUNITY COSTS - Coursework Example EXPLAIN THE CONCEPTS OF COMPARATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE The concept of ‘Comparative and Absolute Advantage’ holds primary importance being closely related to profit maximization and increased productivity. It principally indicates the capability of a producer to manufacture products and/or services at a lesser opportunity cost than other producers operating in almost identical conditions. A comparative advantage provides a company the capacity to trade goods, products and services at a lower fee than other players in the market for the purpose of attaining higher sales margins and revenues. In the similar context, the concept of obsolete advantage can be identified when a company produces larger volume of goods than that of its competitors with a given amount of resources. In both these situations, companies are affirmed to obtain advantages over its competitors in terms of cost of production and profit margin (Horsley 1-99). For example, in case the USA and Canada ha ve been producing differing quantities of potatoes and rice in a year [as illustrated in the below table], both the producers will have to incur differing opportunity cost. ... Assessing both these situations, it can be observed that Canada will have a comparative advantage in producing larger volume of potatoes, with the given amount of resources and also by incurring lesser opportunity cost. Thus, Canada should produce potatoes. HOW DOES TRADE AFFECT THE PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES FRONTIER? EXPLAIN Production possibilities frontier, in simple terms, can be referred to as a frontier or a graph indicating the maximum output producing possibilities for a particular producer to manufacture two products at a given point of time. Indicating all possible combinations of the given two products, the production possibilities frontier tends to conclude the possible points at which the producer can manufacture at a greater production level in comparison to the other commodity’s normal production level with the fixed amount of resources (Horsley 1-99). Trade can affect the production possibilities frontier in a positive as well as in a negative manner. For instan ce, if the activities related to trade and commerce increases in a country, the requirement of the resources and production capacity with respect to two given commodities is also quite likely to increase (Horsley 1-99). Precisely, the concept of production possibilities frontier indicates the points at which a producer can make the maximum use of the resources allocated to produce one or more commodities. Notably, the points on the curved line of production possibilities frontier [refer to the diagram below] depicts efficiency of the producer to use the given amount of resources to produce maximum amount of product A and product B. On the contrary, the points below the curved line depict the inefficiency of the producer to make effective use of the resources allocated.